Level 3: Controlled comparisonLevel-4 candidate (held at 3: preprint, needs full-text human check)Outcome: Learning or achievementPreprintStudy type: Randomized controlled trial
2026-04-06 · arXiv (back catalog) · Study (preprint)
People often optimize for long-term goals in collaboration: A mentor or companion doesn't just answer questions, but also scaffolds learning, tracks progress, and prioritizes the other person's growth over immediate results. In contrast, current AI systems are fundamentally short-sighted collaborators -- optimized for...
Why this label for AI Assistance Reduces Persistence and Hurts Independent Performance
- Level 3: Controlled comparison (human override): Label correction only, level unchanged. The arXiv abstract describes participants only as 'people' and does not say how long they used the AI, so the automated labels 'Learners: Adult learners' and 'Short exposure' are not supported by the source. Removed to match the corrected explainer.
- Changed from: Level 3: Controlled comparison
- Grader A: R5 design ceiling: randomized controlled trials assign human participants and measure unassisted performance; Level 4 verification and uncertainty information are not reported.
- Grader B: R5 design: series of RCTs (N=1,222) on unassisted performance and persistence; R7 preprint and short-exposure caps hold at max Level 3; human review needed before any upgrade.
- Rule version: METHODOLOGY v0.3, pipeline v1, rules rules-v0.4
- Cognitive load: matched 'cognitive offloading'
- Reading and writing: matched 'reading comprehension'
Graded blind by two AI graders against our published method. Human grade change 2026-10-24, approved by Matt, Oct 24 2026 Method
Level 1: Descriptive or exploratoryProvisional (rules only)
2026-10-19 · arXiv physics.ed-ph · Study (preprint)
This chapter examines the use of connectivism as a pedagogical approach in preservice physics teacher education through a classroom experience conducted in a Contemporary Physics course at the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC). The study involved 21 preservice teachers organized into four...
Why this label for Connectivism as an Innovative Didactic Experience in Preservice Physics Teacher
- Level 1: Descriptive or exploratory: provisional rules-only grade, pending grader consensus and review: R5 design: descriptive (F3): Descriptive, qualitative, pilot or deployment study with real participants.
- Preprint: not peer reviewed; capped at Level 3
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Level 1: Descriptive or exploratoryLearners: Higher-ed studentsOutcome: Perception or attitudePreprintPerception onlyStudy type: Cross-sectional
2026-08-25 · arXiv (back catalog) · Study (preprint)
The purpose of this study was to analyze patterns of artificial intelligence (AI) use and attitudes toward AI among students, faculty, and administrative staff at a large university specializing in teacher education. The analytical sample comprised 1809 students, 250 faculty members, and 62 administrative staff...
Why this label for The AI Adaptation Gap in Higher Education: Students, Faculty, and Administrative
- Level 1: Descriptive or exploratory: Large attitude and use survey (N=2,121); perception-only descriptive evidence.
- Review status: Confirmed against the published method (AI-assisted review)
- Grader A: R5 design ceiling: the cross-sectional survey reports controlled associations; R7 caps perception and engagement outcomes at Level 2.
- Grader B: R5 design ceiling: a cross-sectional self-report survey (N=2121); the OLS associations could match Level 2, but a survey is Level 1 and R5 takes the lower; R7 perception-only cap applies anyway
- Rule version: METHODOLOGY v0.3, pipeline v1, rules rules-v0.4
Graded blind by two AI graders against our published method. Confirmed against the published method (AI-assisted review) Method
Level 1: Descriptive or exploratoryLearners: K-12 studentsOutcome: Perception or attitudePreprintSmall or imprecisePerception onlyStudy type: Case study / case series
2026-08-19 · arXiv (back catalog) · Study (preprint)
K-12 students often possess creative engineering ideas but lack technical skills to build them, while undergraduates have coding expertise but few opportunities to lead real-world projects or mentor others. The rapid development of AI-assisted tools offers a potential bridge to connect these groups, yet the structure...
Why this label for Multi-Tier Mentorship with AI-Assisted Development: Authentic Engineering for K-
- Level 1: Descriptive or exploratory: Consensus level confirmed against the methodology.
- Review status: Confirmed against the published method (AI-assisted review)
- Grader A: R5 design ceiling: the nine-person pilot reports surveys and thematic findings without a comparison group.
- Grader B: R5 design ceiling: a pilot with 4 high-school students and 3 undergraduates, using surveys and thematic analysis; descriptive, and R7 perception-only applies
- Rule version: METHODOLOGY v0.3, pipeline v1, rules rules-v0.4
Graded blind by two AI graders against our published method. Confirmed against the published method (AI-assisted review) Method
Level 1: Descriptive or exploratoryLearners: Adults not in a learning role (raters)Outcome: Perception or attitudePreprintStudy type: Case study / case series
2026-07-09 · arXiv (back catalog) · Study (preprint)
Europe faces a critical "translation gap" where doctoral excellence in academia often fails to convert into industrial impact. While Industry 5.0 demands a blend of technical depth, sustainability, and human-centric design, traditional higher academic education remains siloed.
Why this label for From Thesis to Transition: An INSIGHT-Inspired Approach to Co-Designing Industry
- Level 1: Descriptive or exploratory: Both graders agree; rules version missed it. Consensus level confirmed.
- Review status: Confirmed against the published method (AI-assisted review)
- Grader A: R5 design ceiling: expert interviews and co-design workshops provide exploratory evidence.
- Grader B: R5 design ceiling: qualitative co-design from expert interviews and workshops, which is descriptive with no learner outcomes.
- Rule version: METHODOLOGY v0.3, pipeline v1, rules rules-v0.4
Graded blind by two AI graders against our published method. Confirmed against the published method (AI-assisted review) Method
Level 1: Descriptive or exploratoryProvisional (rules only)
2026-04-03 · ERIC (peer reviewed) · Study
Student performance fluctuates across learning, raising questions about what drives these changes and whether instruction equitably supports diverse learners. Although teachers likely shape these trajectories, the pathways linking student--teacher interaction to individual performance variation remain unclear.
Why this label for Student Teacher Inter Brain Coupling Forecast Cross Semester Academic Fluctuatio
- Level 1: Descriptive or exploratory: provisional rules-only grade, pending grader consensus and review: R5 design: descriptive (F3): Descriptive, qualitative, pilot or deployment study with real participants.
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Technical testLearners: Simulated or AI-onlyOutcome: Model performancePreprintSimulated learnersStudy type: Technical test (no real learners)
2026-10-02 · arXiv (back catalog) · Study (preprint)
AI can help adults produce plausible workplace artefacts while leaving their independent reasoning difficult to inspect. LearnAdapt Praxis addresses this design problem through a five-stage learning workspace: Frame, Learn, Build, Validate and Transfer.
Why this label for LearnAdapt Praxis: Controlled AI Assistance and Evidence Traces for Adult Workpl
- Technical test: Two independent AI graders gave the same level.
- Review status: Confirmed against the published method (AI-assisted review): both graders agreed
- Grader A: R4 real-learner gate: synthetic project episodes test engineering properties; no adult learner outcomes are measured.
- Grader B: R4 real-learner gate: system checks run on a synthetic rehearsal with fictional contexts; the abstract says it does not establish learning gains
- Rule version: METHODOLOGY v0.3, pipeline v1, rules rules-v0.4
Graded blind by two AI graders against our published method. Confirmed against the published method (AI-assisted review): both graders agreed Method
CommentaryStudy type: Expert opinion / commentary
2026-10-19 · Frontiers in Education · Study
Over the past decade, fairness research in classroom assessment has progressively repositioned students from passive objects toward partial subjects of assessment. By advocating for student active engagement in assessment processes via discourses such as student voice and rights, student agency, student assessment...
Why this label for Beyond passive rights-holders: toward student moral agency in assessment fairnes
- Commentary: Perspective article (R3).
- Review status: Graded by one AI grader from the abstract, on Matt's delegation; not yet human-verified
Graded by one AI grader from the abstract, on Matt's delegation; not yet human-verified. Method
CommentaryStudy type: Not a study
2026-10-16 · K-12 Dive · News
While AI has become increasingly popular among teachers, professional development over the technology's use has been less consistent.
Why this label for Educators who use AI say it frees up time to interact with students
- Commentary: news, commentary or policy with no study
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
CommentaryStudy type: Expert opinion / commentary
2026-09-09 · eSchool News · Report / framework
A new national framework from AACTE (American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education) aims to help educator preparation programs (EPPs) navigate the rapidly changing role of artificial intelligence in education.
Why this label for AACTE releases national framework on AI in educator preparation
- Commentary: news, commentary or policy with no study
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
CommentaryProvisional (rules only)
2026-05-18 · ERIC (peer reviewed) · Study
Teacher shortage is a global problem. One strategy adopted in several countries to help address the shortfall of teachers is to employ career-change teachers, sometimes through alternative entry pathways, which allow aspiring teachers to teach in a school, while simultaneously working towards their teacher...
Why this label for It's Not about the Money: STEM Professionals' Motivations to Become Secondary Sc
- Commentary: provisional rules-only grade, pending grader consensus and review: R3 genre gate: No empirical learner data described; conceptual, framework, policy or argument paper.
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
CommentaryStudy type: Not a study
2026-04-15 · eSchool News · News
Last fall, during a professional development session I was running with a group of teachers in São Paulo, a fifth-grade teacher raised her hand and asked a question I have since heard in every country I work in: “I want to use AI to plan better lessons. But how do I do that without just putting kids in front of...
Why this label for The screen-time debate’s blind spot
- Commentary: news, commentary or policy with no study
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the February 2027 issue · Computers & Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Computers & Education, Volume 257 by Ari Kim. Issue: February 2027. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Designing a pipeline linking professional development to AI-supported instructio
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the January 2027 issue · Computers & Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Computers & Education, Volume 256 by Qing Ma, Fang Mei, Peter Crosthwaite et al. Issue: January 2027. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Combining AI and corpus technology in language teaching: Professional developmen
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Esra Özcan. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Art movements as visual languages for critical citizenship in pre-service primar
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Ying Ji, Peter Dudley, Sara Hennessy. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Shared development through dialogic inquiry: Student transversal competencies an
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Christina Gray, Kirsten Lambert, Tammy Green. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Divergent trajectories through disruption: Narrative portraits of performing art
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Merve Aydın, Sinem Cilligol Karabey. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for When knowing does not mean designing: TPACK coherence and disciplinary epistemol
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Amy Walker, Nicole Garcia Diaz. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Walking toward transformation: Experiential pedagogy and preservice middle grade
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Jiayi Wang, Chun Chen, Yuran Chen et al. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Teachers’ motivation for coaching: A latent profile analysis of predictors and o
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Figen Karaferye. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Sustaining social-emotional professional development: Teachers' retrospective pe
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Mayssa Hayeen-Halloun, Michal Ayalon. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for From isolated foci to coordinated attending: Critical events identified by novic
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Wenli Wang, Mulugeta Yayeh Worku. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for What does it mean to be a competent teacher? A narrative inquiry into teacher pr
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Marie Jeanne Marleen Heijens. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Enabling emancipation: How school climate and teacher autonomy relate to critica
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Wanyue Chen, Christopher Day, Despoina Athanasiadou et al. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Teachers who stay: the role of professional identity in teacher retention
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by M. Fasching, J. Kranz, T. Schubatzky et al. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Teacher beliefs about climate action teaching: Exploring variation across instru
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Rui Liu, Guo Jian. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Teaching in motion: Multilevel pathways of teachers’ professional growth across
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Kunning Zhang, Weipeng Yang, Xiao Zhang. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for CT talk: Teacher talk as a resource for computational thinking in early childhoo
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
Not yet classified
Listed for the December 2026 issue · Teaching and Teacher Education (Elsevier) · Study
Publisher listing (abstract not yet available): Journal article in Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 184 by Taina Gabriel, Jochanan Veerbeek, Moritz Börnert-Ringleb. Issue: December 2026. Abstract on the publisher page.
Why this label for Comparing the preference of diagnostic information from variations of dynamic te
- Not yet classified: publisher listing with no abstract yet
Provisional label from fixed rules applied to the collected text; research items are re-graded by our review pipeline. Method
